Forced Vortex Flow

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The set-up is designed to demonstrate and study the vapor-liquid equilibrium. As basic data of any distillation problem is the equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases of the system subjected to distillation. Hence it is of great importance to study the VLE.
The set-up consists of distillation still with a heating element, shell & tube condenser, reflux & distillate section. A tank with pump is provided to circulate cold water to condenser. Flow rates can be regulated through control valve fitted. Instrumentation is done to measure the temperatures at different points.

A Digital Temp. Controller is connected to heating element for precisely controlling & varying heat input. The vapors form the top of column are condensed in the shell and tube type condenser by circulating cooling water. The condensate is collected in reflux drum and feedback to column as reflux

Experiments

• To determine the vapor Liquid Equilibrium curve for CCl4 and Toluene or any other mixture

Features

• Superb Painted structure
• Simple to operate & maintain
• Compact & stand alone set up

Utilities Required

• Water Supply & Drain
• Electricity Supply: 1Phase, 220 V AC, 1.5 kW
• Refractrometer for Analysis
• Required Chemicals

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Forced Vortex Flow is an example of rotational flow and can be generated by rotating a cylinder containing a fluid about its axis or by rotating a paddle in a large volume of fluid. Under steady conditions, each particle will move with the same angular velocity and there will not be any relative motion between fluid particles. Streamlines for such a flow will be concentric circles and the total energy is constant along a streamline but varies from one streamline to another.

Scope Of Experimentations:

• Fill the cylinder with water to about one half of its height
• Rotate the cylinder with constant and reasonably fast speed
• The free surface of the water takes the form of a parabolic profile
• Measure the speed of rotation
• When conditions become steady, take the surface profile readings by traversing the Pitot-static tube, immersed just beneath the water surface along a radial line The surface elevation at r0 is taken as the datum for all these readings
• Now for the second run, speed from motor has been changed and again at steady state, take the surface profile readings

Utilities Required:

• Power supply: Single Phase, 220 volts, 50 Hz, 5 Amp with earth
• Water Supply
• Drain

Technical Details:

• Do not run the pump at low voltage i.e. less than 180 Volts
• Always keep apparatus free from dust
• To prevent clogging of moving parts, pump at least once in a fortnight
• Frequently Grease/Oil the rotating parts, once in three months
• Always Use Clean Water
• If the Apparatus is not in use for more than one month, drain the apparatus completely, and fill pump with cutting oil

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We are engaged in offering a wide array of Forced Convection Apparatus. The unit consists of a circular pipe, losing heat by forced convection to air, being forced through it. Constant heat flux is added to pipe by an electrical heater, provided with input control. Test pipe is connected to the delivery side of the blower along with the Orifice to measure flow of air through the pipe. Thus the students can calculate local and overall heat transfer coefficients in forced convection, at various airflow rates and various heat flux values.

Specifications:

• Test pipe- 32mm N B G.I. pipe, heated by band heater, out side
• Centrifugal blower to force air through test pipe with flow Control switch
• Variac 2A, capacity to control heater input
• An orifice meter with water manometer
• Voltmeter and ammeter to measure heater input
• Multichannel digital temperature indicator to measure various Temperatures
• A technical manual accompanies the unit

Services Required:

• L Bench area of about 1. X 0.75m. At working height
• Ø 230V, 15A, AC, supply with earthing connection